Aluminium

13
Al
Gruppe
13
Periode
3
Block
p
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
13
13
14
Generelle Eigenschaften
Ordnungszahl
13
Atommasse
26,9815386
Massenzahl
27
Kategorie
Metalle
Farbe
Silber
Radioaktiv
Nein
Aus dem Lateinischen alumen (alaune)
Kristallstruktur
Kubisch flächenzentriert
Geschichte
In 1761, Guyton de Morveau proposed the name alumine for the base in alum, and Antoine Lavoisier, in 1787, thought this to be the oxide of a still undiscovered metal.

Sir Humphry Davy identified the existence of a metal base of alum in 1808.

Hans Christian Ørsted was the first to isolate metallic aluminum in 1825 in impure form.

Friedrich Wöhler is generally credited with having isolated the metal in 1827.
Elektronen pro Schale
2, 8, 3
Elektronenkonfiguration
[Ne] 3s2 3p1
Al
Aluminum does not stick to magnets under normal conditions
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Aggregatzustand
Fest
Dichte
2,698 g/cm3
Schmelzpunkt
933,47 K | 660,32 °C | 1220,58 °F
Siedepunkt
2792,15 K | 2519 °C | 4566,2 °F
Schmelzwärme
10,7 kJ/mol
Verdampfungswärme
293 kJ/mol
Spezifische Wärmekapazität
0,897 J/g·K
Häufigkeit in der Erdkruste
8,1%
Häufigkeit im Universum
0,005%
Chunk
Danksagungen für Bilder: Images-of-elements
Chunk of aluminum
CAS-Nummer
7429-90-5
PubChem CID-Nummer
5359268
Atomeigenschaften
Atomradius
143 pm
Kovalenter Radius
121 pm
Elektronegativität
1,61 (Pauling-Skala)
Ionisierungsenergie
5,9858 eV
Molares Volumen
9,98 cm3/mol
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
2,37 W/cm·K
Oxidationszustände
1, 3
Anwendung
Aluminum is used in an extensive range of products from drinks cans to window frames and boats to aircraft.

It is used in electrical transmission lines.

It is also used for kitchen utensils, outside building decoration, and in thousands of industrial applications.

When alloyed with small amounts of copper, magnesium, silicon, manganese, or other elements impart a variety of useful properties.
Aluminum is not known to be toxic
Isotope
Stabile Isotope
27Al
Instabile Isotope
21Al, 22Al, 23Al, 24Al, 25Al, 26Al, 28Al, 29Al, 30Al, 31Al, 32Al, 33Al, 34Al, 35Al, 36Al, 37Al, 38Al, 39Al, 40Al, 41Al, 42Al