Barium

56
Ba
Gruppe
2
Periode
6
Block
s
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
56
56
81
Generelle Eigenschaften
Ordnungszahl
56
Atommasse
137,327
Massenzahl
137
Kategorie
Erdalkalimetalle
Farbe
Silber
Radioaktiv
Nein
Aus dem Griechischen barys, Schwer
Kristallstruktur
Kubisch raumzentriert
Geschichte
Barium was identified as a new element in 1774 by Carl Wilhelm Scheele.

Barium was first isolated by electrolysis of molten barium salts in 1808, by Sir Humphry Davy in England.

Robert Bunsen and Augustus Matthiessen obtained pure barium by electrolysis of a molten mixture of barium chloride and ammonium chloride.
Elektronen pro Schale
2, 8, 18, 18, 8, 2
Elektronenkonfiguration
[Xe] 6s2
Ba
At low doses, barium acts as a muscle stimulant
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Aggregatzustand
Fest
Dichte
3,594 g/cm3
Schmelzpunkt
1000,15 K | 727 °C | 1340,6 °F
Siedepunkt
2170,15 K | 1897 °C | 3446,6 °F
Schmelzwärme
8 kJ/mol
Verdampfungswärme
140 kJ/mol
Spezifische Wärmekapazität
0,204 J/g·K
Häufigkeit in der Erdkruste
0,034%
Häufigkeit im Universum
1×10-6%
Barium
Danksagungen für Bilder: Images-of-elements
Barium with a grey oxide layer under argon
CAS-Nummer
7440-39-3
PubChem CID-Nummer
5355457
Atomeigenschaften
Atomradius
222 pm
Kovalenter Radius
215 pm
Elektronegativität
0,89 (Pauling-Skala)
Ionisierungsenergie
5,2117 eV
Molares Volumen
39,24 cm3/mol
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
0,184 W/cm·K
Oxidationszustände
2
Anwendung
Barium is used as a flashed getter in vacuum tubes to remove the last traces of gases.

It is often used in barium-nickel alloys for spark plug wire.

Barium sulfate is important to the petroleum industry as a drilling fluid in oil and gas wells.

Barium is also used in medicine to detect abnormalities in the digestive system.
Water-soluble barium compounds are poisonous
Isotope
Stabile Isotope
130Ba, 132Ba, 134Ba, 135Ba, 136Ba, 137Ba, 138Ba
Instabile Isotope
114Ba, 115Ba, 116Ba, 117Ba, 118Ba, 119Ba, 120Ba, 121Ba, 122Ba, 123Ba, 124Ba, 125Ba, 126Ba, 127Ba, 128Ba, 129Ba, 131Ba, 133Ba, 139Ba, 140Ba, 141Ba, 142Ba, 143Ba, 144Ba, 145Ba, 146Ba, 147Ba, 148Ba, 149Ba, 150Ba, 151Ba, 152Ba, 153Ba