Ruthenium
44
Ru
Gruppe
8
Periode
5
Block
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
44
44
57
Generelle Eigenschaften
Ordnungszahl
44
Atommasse
101,07
Massenzahl
101
Kategorie
Übergangsmetalle
Farbe
Silber
Radioaktiv
Nein
Aus dem Lateinischen Ruthenia (Russland)
Kristallstruktur
Einfach hexagonal
Geschichte
Jędrzej Śniadecki isolated the element in 1807, but his work was not ratified.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Jöns Berzelius and Gottfried Osann nearly discovered ruthenium in 1827.
In 1844, Karl Ernst Claus confirmed that there was a new element and isolated ruthenium from the platinum residues of the rouble production while he was working in Kazan University, Kazan.
Elektronen pro Schale
2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Elektronenkonfiguration
[Kr] 4d7 5s1
Ruthenium is unaffected by air, water and acids
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Aggregatzustand
Fest
Dichte
12,37 g/cm3
Schmelzpunkt
2607,15 K | 2334 °C | 4233,2 °F
Siedepunkt
4423,15 K | 4150 °C | 7502 °F
Schmelzwärme
25,7 kJ/mol
Verdampfungswärme
580 kJ/mol
Spezifische Wärmekapazität
0,238 J/g·K
Häufigkeit in der Erdkruste
9,9×10-8%
Häufigkeit im Universum
4×10-7%
Danksagungen für Bilder: Wikimedia Commons (Periodictableru)
Gas phase grown crystals of ruthenium metal
CAS-Nummer
7440-18-8
PubChem CID-Nummer
23950
Atomeigenschaften
Atomradius
134 pm
Kovalenter Radius
146 pm
Elektronegativität
2,2 (Pauling-Skala)
Ionisierungsenergie
7,3605 eV
Molares Volumen
8,3 cm3/mol
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
1,17 W/cm·K
Oxidationszustände
-2, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Anwendung
Ruthenium is used in platinum and palladium alloys to make wear-resistant electrical contacts.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium dioxide and lead and bismuth ruthenates are used in thick-film chip resistors.
Fountain pen nibs are frequently tipped with alloys containing ruthenium.
Ruthenium is a versatile catalyst.
Ruthenium is a suspected carcinogen and its compounds strongly stain the skin
Isotope
Stabile Isotope
96Ru, 98Ru, 99Ru, 100Ru, 101Ru, 102Ru, 104RuInstabile Isotope
87Ru, 88Ru, 89Ru, 90Ru, 91Ru, 92Ru, 93Ru, 94Ru, 95Ru, 97Ru, 103Ru, 105Ru, 106Ru, 107Ru, 108Ru, 109Ru, 110Ru, 111Ru, 112Ru, 113Ru, 114Ru, 115Ru, 116Ru, 117Ru, 118Ru, 119Ru, 120Ru