Mangan

25
Mn
Gruppe
7
Periode
4
Block
d
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
25
25
30
Generelle Eigenschaften
Ordnungszahl
25
Atommasse
54,938045
Massenzahl
55
Kategorie
Übergangsmetalle
Farbe
Silber
Radioaktiv
Nein
From the Latin word magnes, magnet, from magnetic properties of pyrolusite
Kristallstruktur
Kubisch raumzentriert
Geschichte
By the mid-18th century, Swedish chemist Carl Wilhelm Scheele had used pyrolusite to produce chlorine.

Scheele and others were aware that pyrolusite contained a new element, but they were not able to isolate it.

Johan Gottlieb Gahn was the first to isolate an impure sample of manganese metal in 1774, by reducing the dioxide with carbon.
Elektronen pro Schale
2, 8, 13, 2
Elektronenkonfiguration
[Ar] 3d5 4s2
Mn
Neanderthals may have used black manganese di oxide as a cosmetic 50,000 years ago
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Aggregatzustand
Fest
Dichte
7,44 g/cm3
Schmelzpunkt
1519,15 K | 1246 °C | 2274,8 °F
Siedepunkt
2334,15 K | 2061 °C | 3741,8 °F
Schmelzwärme
13,2 kJ/mol
Verdampfungswärme
220 kJ/mol
Spezifische Wärmekapazität
0,479 J/g·K
Häufigkeit in der Erdkruste
0,11%
Häufigkeit im Universum
0,0008%
Small
Danksagungen für Bilder: Images-of-elements
Small pieces of manganese
CAS-Nummer
7439-96-5
PubChem CID-Nummer
23930
Atomeigenschaften
Atomradius
127 pm
Kovalenter Radius
139 pm
Elektronegativität
1,55 (Pauling-Skala)
Ionisierungsenergie
7,434 eV
Molares Volumen
7,4 cm3/mol
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
0,0782 W/cm·K
Oxidationszustände
-3, -2, -1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Anwendung
For over 2000 years, manganese dioxide has been used to make colorless glass.

Manganese dioxide is used as the cathode material in zinc-carbon and alkaline batteries.

Manganese also functions in the oxygen-evolving complex of photosynthetic plants.

The dioxide is also used in the preparation of oxygen and chlorine and in drying black paints.
Excess manganese, particularly inhalation of the powder, is toxic
Isotope
Stabile Isotope
55Mn
Instabile Isotope
44Mn, 45Mn, 46Mn, 47Mn, 48Mn, 49Mn, 50Mn, 51Mn, 52Mn, 53Mn, 54Mn, 56Mn, 57Mn, 58Mn, 59Mn, 60Mn, 61Mn, 62Mn, 63Mn, 64Mn, 65Mn, 66Mn, 67Mn, 68Mn, 69Mn