Natrium

11
Na
Gruppe
1
Periode
3
Block
s
Protonen
Elektronen
Neutronen
11
11
12
Generelle Eigenschaften
Ordnungszahl
11
Atommasse
22,98976928
Massenzahl
23
Kategorie
Alkalimetalle
Farbe
Silber
Radioaktiv
Nein
Aus dem englischen Wort Soda; Mittelalterliches Latein, Sodanum: ein Mittel gegen Kopfschmerzen
Kristallstruktur
Kubisch raumzentriert
Geschichte
The chemical abbreviation for sodium was first published by Jöns Jakob Berzelius in his system of atomic symbols.

It is a contraction of the element's new Latin name natrium, which refers to the Egyptian natron, a natural mineral salt primarily made of hydrated sodium carbonate.

In 1807, Sir Humphry Davy isolated sodium for the first time by electrolysis of dried sodium hydroxide, which had been very slightly moistened.
Elektronen pro Schale
2, 8, 1
Elektronenkonfiguration
[Ne] 3s1
Na
Sodium burns in air with a brilliant yellow flame
Physikalische Eigenschaften
Aggregatzustand
Fest
Dichte
0,971 g/cm3
Schmelzpunkt
370,87 K | 97,72 °C | 207,9 °F
Siedepunkt
1156,15 K | 883 °C | 1621,4 °F
Schmelzwärme
2,6 kJ/mol
Verdampfungswärme
97,7 kJ/mol
Spezifische Wärmekapazität
1,228 J/g·K
Häufigkeit in der Erdkruste
2,3%
Häufigkeit im Universum
0,002%
Sodium
Danksagungen für Bilder: Wikimedia Commons (Dnn87)
Sodium metal from the Dennis s.k collection
CAS-Nummer
7440-23-5
PubChem CID-Nummer
5360545
Atomeigenschaften
Atomradius
186 pm
Kovalenter Radius
166 pm
Elektronegativität
0,93 (Pauling-Skala)
Ionisierungsenergie
5,1391 eV
Molares Volumen
23,7 cm3/mol
Wärmeleitfähigkeit
1,41 W/cm·K
Oxidationszustände
-1, 1
Anwendung
Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of esters and in the preparation of organic compounds.

Sodium vapor lamps are often used for street lighting in cities.

Liquid sodium is used as a heat transfer fluid in some fast reactors.

Sodium is also used as an alloying metal, an anti-scaling agent, and as a reducing agent for metals when other materials are ineffective.
Sodium metal should be handled with great care as it cannot be maintained in an inert atmosphere
Isotope
Stabile Isotope
23Na
Instabile Isotope
18Na, 19Na, 20Na, 21Na, 22Na, 24Na, 25Na, 26Na, 27Na, 28Na, 29Na, 30Na, 31Na, 32Na, 33Na, 34Na, 35Na, 36Na, 37Na